The relationship between student interest and discipline in compulsory school morning exercise programs: a cross-sectional correlational study in an indonesian vocational school

  • Era Oktavia
    Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia
  • Eval Edmizal 
    Universitas Negeri Padag
    Indonesia
  • Tjung Hauw Sin
    Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia
  • Anisa Sholiha Mia
    Universitas Negeri Padang
    Indonesia

Abstract

Regular participation in physical activity is essential for adolescents' physical and psychological well-being. However, students often demonstrate varying levels of participation in school-based physical education programs due to differences in motivation and personal interest. This study examined the relationship between student interest and discipline in participating in the Senam PAHAMI morning exercise program at SMKN 4 Padang, Indonesia. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory and Expectancy-Value Theory, the study hypothesized that higher levels of student interest would be associated with greater discipline. A quantitative correlational research design was employed involving 427 Grade X and XI students, representing the entire eligible population through a census approach. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires measuring student interest and discipline. The instruments demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.82 and 0.85, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, Pearson product-moment correlation, and the coefficient of determination. The findings indicated moderately high levels of both interest (M = 57.70, SD = 4.62) and discipline (M = 69.33, SD = 5.49). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between student interest and discipline (r = 0.413, p < 0.001). The coefficient of determination showed that student interest explained 17.02% of the variance in discipline, while the remaining variance may be attributed to factors such as teacher supervision, school culture, peer influence, and individual characteristics. These findings support Self-Determination Theory and Expectancy-Value Theory, emphasizing that fostering students' intrinsic interest can enhance discipline in school physical activity programs. The results provide practical implications for physical education teachers and school administrators in promoting student engagement and participation.

Keywords
  • Student interest
  • Discipline
  • Morning exercise
  • Physical education
  • Vocational school
  • Self-determination theory
Lisensing Information
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References
  1. Adilla, N., & Lestari, F. (2024). The effect of teacher supervision on elementary school student discipline. El-Idare: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.19109/elidare.v11i2.31926
  2. Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., ... Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451-1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  3. Claver, F., Martínez-Aranda, L. M., Conejero, M., & Gil-Arias, A. (2020). Motivation, discipline, and academic performance in physical education: A holistic approach from achievement goal and self-determination theories. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 1808. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01808
  4. Dobbins, M., Husson, H., DeCorby, K., & LaRocca, R. L. (2013). School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(2), Article CD007651. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007651.pub2
  5. Dorsah, P. (2024). The use of Cronbach's alpha reliability in educational research: A systematic review. European Journal of Contemporary Education and E-Learning, 4(2), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejceel.2026.4(2).04
  6. Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2023). Expectancy-value theory to situated expectancy-value theory: A brief history of my collaboration with Jacquelynne Eccles. Motivation Science, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000275
  7. Fernández-Espínola, C., Almagro, B. J., Tamayo-Fajardo, J. A., & Sáenz-López, P. (2020). Complementing the self-determination theory with the need for novelty: Motivation and intention to be physically active in physical education students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 1535. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01535
  8. Fisher, B. W., Petrosino, A., Persson, H., Guckenburg, S., Fronius, T., Benitez, I., & Earl, K. (2023). School-based law enforcement strategies to reduce crime, increase perceptions of safety, and improve learning outcomes in primary and secondary schools: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 19(4), Article e1360. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1360
  9. Gallardo, L. O., Abarca-Sos, A., & Moreno Doña, A. (2020). Expectancy-value model related to physical activity behaviors in Chilean and Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), Article 8219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218219
  10. Gómez-López, M., Mendoza-Castejón, D., Frías-López, D., & Manzano-Sánchez, D. (2025). Self-determination in secondary school students and their relationship with emotional intelligence and support for autonomy. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, Article 1571559. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1571559
  11. Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: A pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million participants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2
  12. Hu, D., Zhou, S., Crowley-McHattan, Z. J., & Liu, Z. (2024). A comparative study of the physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents from five countries and WHO. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, Article 1421843. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1421843
  13. Irsyad, I., & Fitri, Y. (2023). Implementasi projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila (P5) dalam Kurikulum Merdeka di SMKN 1 Batusangkar. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(4), 5149-5157. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v3i4.3192
  14. Kolunsarka, I. (2024). Evaluation and comparison of government-funded school-based youth physical activity counseling initiatives in Finland for the 2024-2025 academic year. European Journal of Public Health, 34(Suppl. 3), ckae114.279. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckae114.279
  15. Kurniawan, R., Wibowo, A. W., & Wijaya, D. (2021). Students' interest in physical education learning: Analysis of internal and external factors. Journal Sport Area, 6(3), 385-393. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2021.vol6(3).7402
  16. Liu, J., & Xiang, P. (2023). Expectancy-value motivation and physical activity- and health-related outcomes among at-risk children and adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(13), Article 6273. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136273
  17. Made, A. (2021). Minat siswa terhadap Senam Kebugaran Jasmani Indonesia Bersatu (SKJ 2018) [Unpublished undergraduate thesis].
  18. Park, C. G. (2024). Implementing alternative estimation methods to evaluate the reliability of Likert-scale instruments. Women's Health Nursing, 30(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.4069/whn.2024.03.12
  19. Sagin, A. E., Yucekaya, M. A., Ugras, S., Mergan, B., Temel, C., Duran, M., & Duarte-Mendes, P. (2025). The mediating role of physical education course interest in the relationship between perceived autonomy support, feedback, and school attachment. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, Article 1675108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1675108
  20. Setiawan, A. B. (2022). Survei minat siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran senam pada mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani pada siswa kelas X di SMK Nasional Nganjuk [Unpublished undergraduate thesis].
  21. Shang, C., Moss, A. C., & Chen, A. (2023). The expectancy-value theory: A meta-analysis of its application in physical education. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 12(1), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.01.003
  22. Standage, M., Ryan, R. M., & Curran, T. (2025). Self-determination theory applied to physical education: The role of self-regulatory processes in facilitating high-quality student motivation, engagement, and well-being. In L. Garcia-Gonzalez, K. De Cocker, & D. Gonzalez-Cutre (Eds.), Motivation in physical education (pp. 15-34). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86908-2_2
  23. Vasconcellos, D., Parker, P. D., Hilland, T., Cinelli, R., Owen, K. B., Kapsal, N., Lee, J., Antczak, D., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., & Lonsdale, C. (2020). Self-determination theory applied to physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(7), 1444-1469. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000420
  24. Wang, Y., Wang, C., et al. (2024). Self-determination theory in education: A review. Learning and Motivation, 87, Article 102015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2024.102015
  25. Wati, C. I., Gustiawati, R., & Gani, R. A. (2021). Hubungan learning contract dengan kedisiplinan siswa dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368820804
  26. Way, S. M. (2011). School discipline and disruptive classroom behavior: The moderating effects of student perceptions. The Sociological Quarterly, 52(3), 346-375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01210.x
  27. World Health Organization. (2024, June 26). Physical activity [Fact sheet]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
  28. Zakariya, Y. F. (2022). Cronbach's alpha in mathematics education research: Its appropriateness, overuse, and alternatives in estimating scale reliability. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1074430. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1074430

Downloads

PDF

Statistic

Abstract Views
: 34 times
PDF
: 12 times