Developing community economic empowerment strategies through productive zakat, infaq, and sadaqah funds using the analytic network process

  • Nur Dalilah 
    Department of Islamic Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
    Indonesia
  • Muhammad Syukri Albani Nasution
    Department of Islamic Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
    Indonesia
  • Juliana Nasution
    Department of Islamic Economics, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
    Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to formulate strategic priorities for optimizing community economic empowerment through the productive utilization of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS) funds in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study employed the Analytic Network Process (ANP) based on pairwise comparison judgments from nine purposively selected experts representing academics, regulators, and practitioners in Islamic social finance and community empowerment. Data were analyzed using Super Decisions through the unweighted, weighted, and limit supermatrix procedures. The consistency ratios ranged from 0.03 to 0.08, indicating acceptable consistency. The results identified insufficient business mentoring (18.6%), low Islamic financial literacy (16.4%), and inadequate household economic capacity (14.7%) as the highest-priority problems. The leading strategic alternatives were developing entrepreneurial capacity (23.1%), strengthening ZIS education and Islamic financial literacy (20.5%), and strengthening partnerships and market access (17.2%). These findings indicate that productive ZIS requires an integrated empowerment approach that combines financial assistance with mentoring, entrepreneurship development, financial literacy, market access, and stakeholder collaboration. The study contributes a priority-based ANP framework for strengthening sustainable and accountable productive ZIS management within the principles of Maqashid al-Shariah.

Keywords
  • Zakat
  • Infaq
  • Sadaqah
  • Community economic empowerment
  • Analytic network process
Lisensing Information
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References
  1. Adiwijaya, Z. A., & Amilahaq, F. (2023). Mustahik economic empowerment through micro business development. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 9(2), 1683–1697. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i2.7446
  2. Arif, A., Al Rieza, I. R., Khadijah, & Handoko, L. H. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review of Productive Zakat Models. International Journal of Zakat, 9(Special), 71–85. DOI: 10.37706/ijaz.v9iSpecial.520
  3. Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS). (2023). Statistik Zakat Nasional 2023. Jakarta: BAZNAS.
  4. Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS). (2025). Indeks Zakat Nasional. Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Strategis BAZNAS.
  5. Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS). (2025). Outlook Zakat Indonesia 2025. Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Strategis BAZNAS.
  6. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Utara. (2025). Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam Angka 2025. Medan: BPS Provinsi Sumatera Utara.
  7. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2025). Profil Kemiskinan di Indonesia Maret 2025. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
  8. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.
  9. Brawijaya, E. N., & Ekawaty, M. (2018). The Direct and Indirect Effect of Zakat on the Household Consumption of Mustahik. International Journal of Zakat, 3(2). DOI: 10.37706/ijaz.v3i2.77.
  10. Dienillah, I. (2026). The Influence of Productive Zakat Utilization on Welfare from the Maqashid Syariah Perspective with Empowerment as a Mediating Variable. Profit: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah. DOI: 10.33650/profit.v10i1.14395
  11. Dompet Dhuafa Waspada Sumatera Utara. (2025). Annual Report Dompet Dhuafa Waspada Sumatera Utara 2025. Medan: Dompet Dhuafa Waspada Sumatera Utara.
  12. Dompet Dhuafa. (2025). Annual Report Dompet Dhuafa 2025. Jakarta: Dompet Dhuafa.
  13. Fahrizal Harahap, M. ., Jureid, J., & Hamdanil, H. (2025). Productive Zakat Management in Empowering Micro Business for Poverty Alleviation (Study at Baznas Mandailing Natal District). ILTIZAM Journal of Shariah Economics Research, 9(1), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.30631/7qq99198
  14. Gofur, A. A., & Kasri, R. A. (2025). The Role of Productive Zakat in Improving the Welfare of Mustahik in Indonesia. International Journal of Zakat, 10, 87–100. DOI: 10.37706/ijaz.v10i4.615.
  15. Hasbi, M. Z. N., & Widayanti, I. (2022). Zakah contribution for community economic development with analytical networking process method. Bulletin of Islamic Economics. https://doi.org/10.14421/bie.2022.011-04
  16. Hosen, M. N., Hidayat, R., Hidayah, N., & Lathifah, F. (2024). The management of productive zakat in Indonesia: The case of BAZNAS' economic empowerment program. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v13i2.42673
  17. Junaidi, A., & Arisandi, B. (2026). Strategies for utilizing productive zakat in mustahik economic empowerment in Indonesia: A systematic literature review. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 12(1), 290–304. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v12i1.19425
  18. Mawardi, I., Widiastuti, T., Al Mustofa, M. U., & Hakimi, F. (2023). Analyzing the impact of productive zakat on the welfare of zakat recipients. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(1), 118–140. DOI: 10.1108/JIABR-05-2021-0145
  19. May, J. H., Shang, J., Tjader, Y. C., & Vargas, L. G. (2013). A new methodology for sensitivity and stability analysis of analytic network models. European Journal of Operational Research, 224(1), 180–188. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2012.07.035
  20. Mukhlis, M., Romi, M., & Johari, F. (2026). Community-based productive zakat: Evidence from Bengkalis Regency. Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 158–173. https://doi.org/10.20885/RISFE.vol5.iss1.art9
  21. Mutiuddin, A. M., Amrullah, A. A., & Chasanah, U. (2024). Analisis Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Mustahik melalui Pendayagunaan Dana Zakat Produktif di LAZISNU Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Darussalam, 5(1).
  22. Pusparini, M. D. (2015). Konsep kesejahteraan dalam ekonomi Islam (perspektif Maqasid Asy-Syari'ah). Islamic Economics Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.21111/iej.v1i1.344
  23. Saessatya, Z., & Atmanti, H. D. (2026). The influence of productive zakat on poverty alleviation in Indonesia. Adzkiya: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Syariah. https://doi.org/10.32332/vj6dex21
  24. Salam, A., & Risnawati, D. (2018). Analisis Zakat Produktif terhadap Kesejahteraan Mustahik. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia, 8(2), 96–106.
  25. Siregar, S., Lubis, D. S., Zein, A. S., & Sitompul, R. H. (2022). Efektivitas pengelolaan dana zakat di Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Padang Lawas Utara menggunakan pendekatan Analytical Network Process (ANP). PROFJES: Profetik Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.24952/profjes.v1i1.6725
  26. Widiastuti, T., Robani, A., Sukmaningrum, P. S., Mawardi, I., & Ningsih, S. (2022). Integrating sustainable Islamic social finance: An analytical network process using the Benefit Opportunity Cost Risk (ANP BOCR) framework: The case of Indonesia. PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0269039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269039
  27. Yasirli, U., Zainuddin, & Firdaus, N. (2024). Strategy for utilizing productive zakat at BAZNAS Tanah Datar: Analysis study using an Analytical Network Process approach. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah.

Downloads

PDF

Statistic

Abstract Views
: 38 times
PDF
: 30 times